基于化学学科认知障碍突破的中考复习教学实践* ——以“二氧化碳的性质”为例

分析学生对二氧化碳的3个典型学科认知障碍,以“二氧化碳的捕捉”为情境,通过“尝试捕捉二氧化碳”“谁在捕捉二氧化碳”“捕捉背后的原理”等3个主要环节,实现对学科认知障碍的突破,展示了一种新的中考复习教学思路。     

内部审核在计量体系中的作用

介绍内部审核制度在计量测试工作中的目的和作用，提出了内部审核工作应注意的事项，如内部审核工作计划的完整性，内部审核工作的有效性，管理者工作内容的全面性，以及后续工作的完善性。     

位相物体激光全息二次曝光法无损检测

为借助激光全息进行无损检测，获得位相物体的信息，对位相物体激光全息二次曝光法无损检测进行了研究，指出一般的二次曝光法测位相物体典型光路的缺点，提出了物光波2次通过样品的改进方案。利用此方案对一些位相物体(如普通玻璃和有机玻璃)作了无损检测实验，得到了较满意的实验结果。与普通检测方法相比，该方法具有精度高、结果直接可靠、不损伤物体等诸多优点。对改进方案稍作改动，即可用于塑料制品和玻璃制品生产线对加工产品进行在线产品质量监控。     

对2005年高考试题中关于螺旋测微计实验试题的解析与拓展

解析了2005年普通高等学校全国联考(理综卷)中考察螺旋测微计原理的实验填空题,并给出了3方面的拓展:不常见的游标卡尺、圆弧游标、具有游标的螺旋测微计.     

浅析用图像法处理实验数据

指出了图像法在解决物理问题中的优势及应注意的问题,并对用图像法处理实验数据的考题进行了归类．     

偏振小孔干涉仪

偏振小孔干涉仪是一种可实用的新型干涉仪。它综合小孔衍射技术、偏振技术和共光路设计为一体,具有条纹对比度可调、抗干扰能力强和非接触检验等优点,可广泛用于各种光学元件及其胶合层的检验。目测精度达1/10λ,计算机条纹处理精度可调。     

Validation of an analytical method to determine trace metal impurities in fluoride compounds by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy

 The development of an analytical method for the determination of some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Co, Zn and Ni) in fluoride compounds [Cu(BF₄)₂, Sn(BF₄)₂, Pb(BF₄)₂ and HBF₄] by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy is described. This method is to be used as a routine analytical method in an industrial quality control laboratory. To this end the "performance characteristics" of an instrumental analytical method such as matrix effects, sensitivity, linearity, detection and quantitation limits, precision and accuracy were evaluated for every system under study. The results of these investigations showed that non-spectral interferences (due to the presence of large concentrations of major metals such as Cu, Sn and Pb) were observed. Nevertheless it was possible to define a matrix concentration interval where matrix effects were not statistically significant, and therefore a direct calibration approach could be used as the calibration tool whenever the major metal concentration was not higher than 40×10^–3 kg l^–1. A guide to the developement of an analytical method for trace metal determination is provided. General tools for quality control have been used in order to show how an analytical method can be tested daily and evaluated in a convenient manner. Received: 29 January 1997 Accepted: 11 March 1997     

傅里叶变换红外光谱和傅里叶变换拉曼光谱法无损鉴别药材的真伪

利用傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）和近红外傅里叶变换拉曼（NIR FT-aman）光谱法对大黄（西宁大黄）与伪品大黄（华北大黄、山大黄、水根大黄）进行了无损快速的鉴别。结果表明：尽管正品大黄与伪品大黄差别较小，有大部分的化学成分有很大的相同之处，但在红外、拉曼谱图中各自的特征峰较突出，根据谱峰的强度和位置可容易地将它们区别开来。红外和拉曼光谱法相互印证，相互补充，具有快速、准确、操作简单、重复性好、不需对样品进行分离提取，可直接鉴别等特点。     

Three bits eight states photochromic recording and nondestructive readout by using IR light

A photochromic polymer film containing three different diarylethene derivatives, that is, 1,2-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (1), 1,2-bis(2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (2), and 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (3) was prepared. Upon UV irradiation, the three derivatives changed to their closed-ring isomers having different colors, yellow, red, and blue. They showed different spectra not only in UV/Vis region but also in the IR spectral region. Upon irradiation with visible light of appropriate wavelengths, each closed-ring isomer was selectively bleached, and three bits eight states recording was performed. The eight states could be read out nondestructively by using IR light of appropriate wavenumbers.